The Parisian club has now won the season-opening cup on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
However, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the final moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.